chore: clean up repo root and improve .gitignore

- Remove debug scripts: check_albums.js, check_albums.ts
- Remove git-filter-repo binary from root
- Untrack server.log (was accidentally committed)
- Delete .DS_Store files
- Rewrite .gitignore with clear sections: deps, next.js,
  TypeScript, testing, logs, env, OS/editor, agent tools,
  one-off scripts, deployment, user content
- Add .Jules/ and *.log glob to .gitignore

app/api/image/[id]/route.ts

@@ -37,7 +37,8 @@ export async function GET(request: NextRequest, { params }: { params: Promise<{
 
   if (!success) {
     const retryAfter = Math.ceil((resetAt - Date.now()) / 1000);
-    console.warn(`[Image API] ⚠️ Rate limit exceeded for IP: ${ip}. Retry after ${retryAfter}s`);
+    const userAgent = request.headers.get('user-agent') || 'unknown';
+    console.warn(`[Image API] ⚠️ Rate limit exceeded for IP: ${ip} (UA: ${userAgent}). Retry after ${retryAfter}s`);
     return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Too many requests' }, { status: 429 });
   }